ONE-VOLUME INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SECURITY a Clearly explains core concepts, terminology, challenges, technologies, and skills a Covers today's latest attacks and countermeasures a The perfect beginner's guide for anyone interested in a computer security career a Dr. Chuck Easttom brings together complete coverage of all basic concepts, terminology, and issues, along with all the skills you need to get started. Drawing on 30 years of experience as a security instructor, consultant, and researcher, Easttom helps you take a proactive, realistic approach to assessing threats and implementing countermeasures. Writing clearly and simply, he addresses crucial issues that many introductory security books ignore, while addressing the realities of a world where billions of new devices are Internet-connected. a This guide covers web attacks, hacking, spyware, network defense, security appliances, VPNs, password use, and much more. Its many tips and examples refl ect new industry trends and the state-of-the-art in both attacks and defense. Exercises, projects, and review questions in every chapter help you deepen your understanding and apply all you've learned. a LEARN HOW TO a O Identify and prioritize potential threats to your network O Use basic networking knowledge to improve security O Get inside the minds of hackers, so you can deter their attacks O Implement a proven layered approach to network security O Resist modern social engineering attacks O Defend against today's most common Denial of Service (DoS) attacks O Halt viruses, spyware, worms, Trojans, and other malware O Prevent problems arising from malfeasance or ignorance O Choose the best encryption methods for your organization O Compare security technologies, including the latest security appliances O Implement security policies that will work in your environment O Scan your network for vulnerabilities O Evaluate potential security consultants O Master basic computer forensics and know what to do if you're attacked O Learn how cyberterrorism and information warfare are evolving
Introduction xxix Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Security 2 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 How Seriously Should You Take Threats to Network Security?. . . . . . . . . . 4 Identifying Types of Threats.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Assessing the Likelihood of an Attack on Your Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Basic Security Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Concepts and Approaches.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 How Do Legal Issues Impact Network Security?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Online Security Resources.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Chapter 2: Networks and the Internet 34 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Network Basics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 How the Internet Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 History of the Internet.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Basic Network Utilities.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Other Network Devices.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Advanced Network Communications Topics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Cloud Computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Chapter 3: Cyber Stalking, Fraud, and Abuse 74 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 How Internet Fraud Works.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Identity Theft.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Cyber Stalking.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Protecting Yourself Against Cybercrime.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Chapter 4: Denial of Service Attacks 106 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 DoS Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Illustrating an Attack.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Common Tools Used for DoS Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 DoS Weaknesses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Specific DoS Attacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Real-World Examples of DoS Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 How to Defend Against DoS Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Chapter 5: Malware 130 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Viruses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Trojan Horses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 The Buffer-Overflow Attack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Spyware.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Other Forms of Malware.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Detecting and Eliminating Viruses and Spyware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Chapter 6: Techniques Used by Hackers 166 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Basic Terminology.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 The Reconnaissance Phase.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Actual Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Malware Creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Penetration Testing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 The Dark Web. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Chapter 7: Industrial Espionage in Cyberspace 200 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 What Is Industrial Espionage?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Information as an Asset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Real-World Examples of Industrial Espionage.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 How Does Espionage Occur?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Protecting Against Industrial Espionage.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Trade Secrets.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 The Industrial Espionage Act.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Spear Phishing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Chapter 8: Encryption 226 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Cryptography Basics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 History of Encryption.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Modern Cryptography Methods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Public Key (Asymmetric) Encryption.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 PGP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Legitimate Versus Fraudulent Encryption Methods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Digital Signatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Hashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 MAC and HMAC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Steganography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Cryptanalysis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Cryptography Used on the Internet.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Quantum Computing Cryptography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Chapter 9: Computer Security Technology 268 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Virus Scanners.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Firewalls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Antispyware.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 IDSs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Digital Certificates.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 SSL/TLS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Virtual Private Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Wi-Fi Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Chapter 10: Security Policies 304 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 What Is a Policy?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Important Standards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Defining User Policies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Defining System Administration Policies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Security Breaches.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Defining Access Control.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Development Policies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Standards, Guidelines, and Procedures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Disaster Recovery.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Zero Trust.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Important Laws.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Chapter 11: Network Scanning and Vulnerability Scanning 336 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Basics of Assessing a System.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Securing Computer Systems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Scanning Your Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 Testing and Scanning Standards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Getting Professional Help.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Chapter 12: Cyber Terrorism and Information Warfare 378 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Actual Cases of Cyber Terrorism.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Weapons of Cyber Warfare.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Economic Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Military Operations Attacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 General Attacks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisitions (SCADA).. . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Information Warfare.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Actual Cases of Cyber Terrorism.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Future Trends.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Defense Against Cyber Terrorism.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Terrorist Recruiting and Communication.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 TOR and the Dark Web.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Chapter 13: Cyber Detective 408 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 General Searches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Company Searches.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Court Records and Criminal Checks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Usenet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Google.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Maltego. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Chapter 14: Introduction to Forensics 426 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 General Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Finding Evidence on a PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Finding Evidence in System Logs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Getting Back Deleted Files.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Operating System Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 The Windows Registry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Mobile Forensics: Cell Phone Concepts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 The Need for Forensic Certification.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Expert Witnesses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Additional Types of Forensics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Chapter 15: Cybersecurity Engineering 466 Introduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466 Defining Cybersecurity Engineering.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Standards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 SecML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 Modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 Glossary 494 Appendix A: Resources 500 Appendix B: Answers to the Multiple Choice Questions 502 9780137984787, TOC, 12/6/2022
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